Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Development of Novel Antibiotic Agents

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to global health, diminishing the efficacy of existing antibiotics and complicating the treatment of infectious diseases. This study investigates current AMR patterns in bacterial pathogens and evaluates strategies for developing novel antibiotic agents. Clinical isolates from hospitals and community settings were collected and subjected to susceptibility testing using disc diffusion, MIC determination, and molecular characterization of resistance genes. In parallel, novel antibiotic candidates were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties. Data analysis revealed high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria, with resistance rates exceeding 60% for commonly used antibiotics such as cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Several novel compounds, including peptidomimetics, β-lactamase inhibitors, and synthetic analogs of natural antibiotics, demonstrated potent activity against MDR strains with minimal cytotoxicity. The study highlights the urgent need for continuous surveillance of resistance patterns and the development of innovative therapeutics to combat AMR, supporting public health initiatives and informing clinical decision-making