Characterization of Millet [Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br] Cultivation in The Sylvopastoral Zone in Northern Senegal
Keywords:
millet crop, characterization, silvopastoral zone, SenegalAbstract
The challenge of self-sufficiency in cereals is a major concern for the Government of Senegal. Millet is the basic food of Senegalese households. Therefore, the promotion of millet cultivation in all favorable ecosystems is a way to increase millet production and contribute to food self-sufficiency. In the sylvopastoral zone in northern Senegal, pastoral livestock production associated with millet cultivation constitutes an economic resilience strategy for pastoral households in the face of climatic risks and food insecurity. However, in this area, millet cultivation is not well known and is neglected to the detriment of pastoral livestock development. This characterization study of millet cultivation aims to assess the current state of millet cultivation in order to propose a strategy for improvement. The data were obtained from a random sample of 339 households in 32 villages. The results show that the heads of households are over 40 years of age, are mostly male and of the Peulh ethnic group, and are mostly married. Pastoral livestock is the dominant economic activity, with 62 cattle and 102 small ruminants per household. Agriculture is the second most important economic activity and is mainly dominated by millet. Millet is cultivated on an average area of 2.64 ha per household in the areas where animals are kept around the homes. The main method of preparing the plots is to clear the brush. Dry, flat sowing is practiced during the mid-June period using manual equipment. Improved seeds are rarely used because of their inaccessibility, to the detriment of crop reserves and off-the-shelf seeds. Chemical fertilizer is not used. Organic fertilizer is mainly used in areas where livestock are kept. Manual weeding is mainly practiced by pastoralists. Millet cultivation face biotics, abiotics et socio-économics constraints. The average yield obtained is 815 kg/ha per household, with a maximum of 1940 kg/ha. Millet is also mainly used for food, and is exchanged in the form of barter for food and non-food products. The average annual income from millet is estimated at 123,000 FCFA per household. The policy implication of this study is that support for the development of millet cultivation in the sylvopastoral zone can contribute to the resilience of pastoralists and to the country's cereal food self-sufficiency
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